Review paper
An updated suprageneric classification of planktic foraminifera after growing evidence of multiple benthic-planktic transitions
IGNACIO ARENILLAS
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. ias@unizar.es
Corresponding author
JOSÉ ANTONIO ARZ
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. josearz@unizar.es
VICENTE GILABERT
Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. vgilabert@unizar.es
ABSTRACT
Planktic foraminifera have traditionally been classified within a single order: Globigerinida. However, recent phylogenetic studies, both molecular and stratophenetic, are evidencing the polyphyletic origin of planktic foraminifera from several benthic ancestors. At least four independent events of benthic-planktic transition have been identified. One of them occurred after the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary mass extinction, originating the first Cenozoic globigerinids. Another three occurred in the Mesozoic, originating three groups of planktic foraminifera (globotruncanids, heterohelicids and guembelitriids) not related phylogenetically to each other or to current globigerinids. These findings make it necessary to carry out an exhaustive review of their suprageneric systematics, mainly at the order level. Here we propose a new, more natural classification, grouping them into four orders: Globigerinida, Heterohelicida, Globotruncanida n. ord., and Guembelitriida n. ord. To better reflect the diversity and phylogeny of planktic foraminifera, we have also defined two new superfamilies: Abathomphaloidea n. superfam. and Parvularugoglobigerinoidea n. superfam., and one new family: Parvularuglobigerinidae n. fam.
Key words: Systematics, polyphyletic origin, phylogeny, meroplanktic, tychoplanktic.
How to cite: Arenillas, I., Arz, A. & Gilabert, V. 2022. An updated suprageneric classification of planktic foraminifera after growing evidence of multiple benthic-planktic transitions. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 37(1), 1-34,
Received 30 July 2021, Accepted 10 December 2021, Published online: 4 February 2022
https://doi.org/10.7203/sjp.22189
